System Restart

• # init 6
• shutdown -r now

System Shutdown

shutdown  [option] [ time ]

time----now--- immediately
+N------------after N minutes
HH:MM-------At the specified time

-h-----halt
-r-----reboot
-c----to cancel schedule shutdown

example: # shutdown -h now
              # shutdown +30
              # shutdown 08:00

# shutdown -c

•   # init 0
•   # shutdown -h now

init Initialization

Runlevels

• 0------Halt
• 1------Single user mode
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6-----Reboot

Post Install Configuration

Some useful command after installation.

• # system-config-language-----Language selection.
• # system-config-keyboard----Select the appropriate keyboard for the system.
• Loading /bin/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/us.map.gz
• #system-config-network------Network configuration.
• #system-config-securitylevel--System Level configuration--Firewall option / Selinux
• #sytem-config-date-----------Date properties
• #system-config-time----------Time properties
• #system-config-packages-----Package manager
• #system-config-display (in runlevel 3)---Display setting--setting / hardware

To list Partitions in the System

Partition in the system

• df - h-------To see linux partition.
• fdisk -l------To see whole system partition. (Windows and Linux)

Custom Layout

Custom Layout (Minimum)

• /boot-----------100 MB
• /home----------1024 MB
• /var-------------4096 MB
• /usr-------------7000 MB
• /tmp------------512 MB
• /----------------4000 MB (/etc, /bin, /dev, /sbin, /lib)

Default Layout

To install in default layout

• /boot---------100MB
• Swap--------2 * size of RAM
• /(ROOT)----Remaining free space

Types of Partitions

Two Types

1. Primary Partition

• Max 4 primary partitions can be created.
• 1-4

 2. Logical partitions

• Sub-partitions of Extended partition is called Logical Partitions.
• 5-63------IDE
• 5-15------SCSI/SATA/USB

I/0 controllers

I/O controllers

 IDE--Integrated Drive Electronics

• Primary Masters--------/dev/hda
• Primary Slave----------/dev/hdab
• Secondary Master-----/dev/hdc
• Seconday Slave-------/dev/hdd

SCSI/SATA/USB---Small Computer System Interface/Serial Advanced Technology Attachment/Universal Serial Bus

• First SCSI Disk-----/dev/sda
• Second SCSI DISk--/dev/sdb

USB-Disks and SATA Disks have same convention as SCSI.

Types of Installation

Types of Installation.
1. CD-ROM
2. Network-based--FTP(File Transfer Protocol), NFS(Network File System),HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protoco)
3. Kickstart