Array
and String
Array:
The
consecutive memory location separated with same data types is called array. An
array can be defined as number of memory location, each of which can store the same
data type and which can be references through the same variable name.
The array of character is
called string where as an array of integer or floats are called simply an
array.
Importance
/Advantages of array:
1.
It makes very easy and efficient to handle large number of similar values in a
program.
2.
It also makes the program very short and easy to develop.
3.
Array elements are stored in subsequent memory locations.
4.
Array name represents the address of the starting elements.
Types of Array:
One-dimension
Array: The value on
an array variable assigned in one row is called one dimension array.
Syntax:
type array_name[size];
or,
type
array_name[]={number_of_variables};
For
example:
int arr [10];
Float
age[]={18,19,21,17,16,18,16,15};
|
Index
|
0
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
|
Value
|
18
|
19
|
21
|
17
|
16
|
16
|
18
|
16
|
15
|
Two-dimension Array: While
one-dimension array allows data to be placed in an array one row at a time,
two-dimension arrays are capable of storing data in rows and columns.
The two dimension array
is also called matrix.
Syntax / declare:
type array_name [numrows] [numclos]; or
type array_name []
[colsize]={{first_row},{second_row},……{last row}};
Where,
type is data type for the array, array_name is the variable name for the
storing data in the array, numrows is the maximum number of rows for the array
and numcols is the maximum number of column for the array.
Example:
int
matrix[2][3];
char
student[10][15];
Write
a program to read elements of the two matrices of order 3 x 3 and perform the
matrix addition.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3][3], b[3][3],sum[3][3],i,j;
printf("\n Enter elements for
matrix A\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n Enter the elements
for matrix B\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n The sum of two
matrix is\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
sum[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
printf("%d\t",sum[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Output:
Enter elements for matrix A
1 2
3
5 6
9
7 8
9
Enter the elements for matrix B
7 8
9
4 5
6
1 2
3
The sum of two matrixes is
8 10
12
9 11
15
8 10
12
Q. Write a program to find addition of any two matrix
os size 2*2 using array. [2074]
Q. Write a program to enter elements into 4*4 matrix
and find the sum of the elements of matrix
Write a program which finds
multiplication table of two matrices. [HSEB 2071]
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main( )
{
int a[3][3], b[3][3],m[3][3],i,j,s=0,c;
printf("\n Enter elements for
matrix A\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n Enter the elements
for matrix B\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
s=0;
for(c=0;c<3;c++)
{
s=s+a[i][c]*b[c][j];
}
m[i][j]=s;
}
}
printf("\n The multiplication
of two matrix is\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",m[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch( );
}
Write a C
program to read age of 40 students and count the number of students of the age
between 15 and 22.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int
age[40],i,c=0;
printf("\nEnter
age of 40 students:"); //code to input to array
for(i=0;i<40;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&age[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<40;i++)
{
if
(age[i]>15 && age[i]<22)
c=c+1;
}
printf("The
number of students aged between 15 and 21 are %d", c);
getch(
);
}
Write a program to sort integer
variables in descending order.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int n,i,j,num[10],temp;
printf("Enter how many
numbers?");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter %d numbers",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&num[i]);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(num[i]<num[j])
{
temp=num[i];
num[i]=num[j];
num[j]=temp;
}
}
}
printf("\n The sorted numbers
in descending order are\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\t",num[i]);
getch();
}
.
Write a program using C language to
read the age of 100 persons and count the number of persons in the age group
between 50 and 60. Use FOR and CONTINUE statement.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
inti,c=0;
float a[100];
printf("\nEnter age of 100
persons");
for(i=0;i<100;i++)
scanf("%f",&a[i]);
for(i=0;i<100;i++)
{
if (a[i]>50 &&
a[i]<60)
c=c+1;
else
continue;
}
printf("Total number of persons
aged between 50 and 60 are %d",c);
getch();
}
Write a program in C to store mark
obtained by ‘n’ students and count the number of students who obtained mark
greater than 70. Also count the number of students who are fail. (<35)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
intn,i,c=0,cf=0;
float m[100];
printf("\nEnter how many
students?");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\n Enter marks for %d
students: ",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%f",&m[i]);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
if(m[i]>70)
c=c+1;
else if(m[i]<35)
cf=cf+1;
printf("\n Total no. of students
scoring more than 70 are %d ",c);
printf("\nTotal no. of students
who are fail are %d ",cf);
getch();
}
Output:
Enter how many students?5
Enter marks for 5 students: 30 80 50
60 70
Total no. of students scoring more
than 70 are 1
Total no. of students who are fail
are 1
Q. Write a program to sort 10
integer numbers in ascending order.
Write
a C program to input 'n' numbers and find the greatest and smallest number.
[2061]
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,max,min, a[100];
printf("How many number");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("Enter the
number");
scanf("%d",
&a[i]);
}
max=a[0];
min=a[0];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(a[i]>max)
max=a[i];
else if(a[i]<min)
min=a[i];
else;
}
printf("The
greatest number is =%d",max);
printf("The
smallest number is =%d",min);
getch(
);
}
Output:
How
many number 3
Enter
the number 3 5 2
The
greatest number is = 5
The
smallest number is = 2
Write a program to store ten
different constant variables in an array and print out the greatest number.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int i,num[10],g;
printf("\nEnter 10 numbers");
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
scanf("%d",&num[i]);
g=num[0];
for(i=1;i<10;i++)
{
if (num[i]>g)
g=num[i];
}
printf("\nThe greatest number is
%d",g);
getch();
}
String
Function:
A string is a sequence of character. Thus character array is also known as
string. Any sequence or set of character defined within a pair of double
quotation symbol is a constant string. A string is always terminated by a null
character i.e. \0.
Initialization
of string
char
name[] = “ANDREW”
String
manipulation
is the process of doing some meaningful operation on the string.
They
are:
Reading
string, displaying string.
Combining
or concatenatingstrings.
Copying
one string to another.
Comparing
string
I.
strlen( ):This
string function returns an integer
which denotes exact length of thestring . (Note excluding the terminating null
character (\0).
Syntax:
strlen(string);
char
course [] = “Computer Science”
The
length for the string is 16.
II.
strcat ( ):
This function concatenates two strings i.e. it appends one string at the end of
another. This function accepts two strings and stores the contents of the
second string at the end of the first string.
Syntax:
strcat(string1,string2);
char
class []= “Class 12”
char
subject[] =”Management”
strcat(subject,class);
The
outputs will be ManagementClass 12.
III.
strncat( ):This function is used to concatenate n
number of character from source string and merge after the destination string.
IV.
strcmp( ): This function compares two strings to
find out whether they are same or different . This function is useful for constructing
and searching strings. The output of the comparison is integer value either
positive (+1), or negative ( -1), or equal to zero (0). The output of this
function is zero if both strings are equal.
Syntax:
strcmp(string1,string2);
Example:
Write a program to compare any two
string by using string function in C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
char string1[30], string2[30];
printf("enter first
string");
gets(string1);
printf("enter second
string");
gets(string2);
if(strcmp(string1,string2)>0)
printf("greater string
%s",string1);
else if(strcmp(string1,string2)==0)
printf("both string are
equal");
else
printf("greater string
%s",string2);
getch();
}
V.
strncmp ( ): This function is used to compare n
number of character from both strings. The comparison is same as strcmp
function.
VI.
strrev ( ):
This function is used to reverse all character in a string except null
character at the end of the string.The reverse of string “abc” is “ cba”.
Syntax:
strrev(string);
VII.
strcpy ( ):This
string function is used to copy one string to other. The source string is
copied to destination string. The index size must hold the size of source
string character length.
strcpy
(destination_string, source string);
i.e.
strcpy(s1,s2) means the content of s2 is copied to s1.
VIII. strncpy ( ):This function is same as
strcpy function except it copies n numbers of character from source to
destination.
VIII.
strlwr():
This function is used to change character to lowercase.If the main string is in
upper case it changed to lowercase.If the character already in lowercase then
this function does not change the value
Syntax:
Strlwr(string)
Chat string1[ ] =
“Computer”;
strlwr(string1);
The value of string1 is
changes to ‘computer’.
XI. strupr(): This
string function is used to convertcharacters
to uppercase. If the character of the string is in lowercase it changes to
uppercase otherwise this function does nothing.
Syntax:
char
string1 [ ] = “Computer”;
strupr(string1);
The
value of string changes to “COMPUTER”.
Write a program to read a line of text and convert it into
uppercase.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char text[25];
printf("\nEnter any line of
text in lowercase\n");
gets(text);
strupr(text);
printf("\n Enterd text
converted into uppercase\n");
puts(text);
getch();
}
I.
strcpy ( ):This
string function is used to copy one string to other. The source string is
copied to destination string. The index size must hold the size of source
string character length.
strcpy
(destination_string, source string);
i.e.
strcpy(s1,s2) means the content of s2 is copied to s1.
VIII. strncpy ( ):This function is same as
strcpy function except it copies n numbers of character from source to
destination.
Write a program to input n names and
sort them in alphabetical order.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char name[50][20],temp[20];
inti,n,j;
printf("\nEnter how many names:
");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter %d
names\n",n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%s",name[i]);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(strcmp(name[i],name[j])>0)
{
strcpy(temp,name[i]);
strcpy(name[i],name[j]);
strcpy(name[j],temp);
}
}
}
printf("\nThe sorted names
are\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("\n%s",name[i]);
getch();
}
Write a
program to count the number of vowels and consonants in a given text.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
charstr[20];
int nv=0,nc=0,i;
printf("\nEnter any text");
gets(str);
strupr(str);
for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++)
{
if(str[i]=='A' || str[i]=='E' ||
str[i]=='I' || str[i]=='O' || str[i]=='U')
nv++;
else if(str[i]>='A'
&&str[i]<='Z')
nc++;
}
printf("\n No. of Vowels = %d
",nv);
printf("\n No. of Consonants =
%d ",nc);
getch();
}
Enter any text:santosh
No. of Vowels =2
No. of Consonants =5
Write a program to input a
string and count the number of consonants
containing in the string.
#include
<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int
main()
{
char line[150];
int i, vowels, consonants ;
vowels =
consonants = 0;
printf("Enter a line of string:
");
scanf("%[^\n]", line);
for(i=0; line[i]!='\0'; i++)
{
if(line[i]=='a' || line[i]=='e' ||
line[i]=='i' ||
line[i]=='o' || line[i]=='u' ||
line[i]=='A' ||
line[i]=='E' || line[i]=='I' ||
line[i]=='O' ||
line[i]=='U')
{
vowels ++;
}
else if((line[i]>='a'&&
line[i]<='z') || (line[i]>='A'&& line[i]<='Z'))
{
consonants ++;
}
}
printf("\nConsonants: %d",consonants);
getch();
}
Write a program to store ten
different constant variables in an array and print out the greatest number.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int i,num[10],g;
printf("\nEnter 10 numbers");
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
scanf("%d",&num[i]);
g=num[0];
for(i=1;i<10;i++)
{
if (num[i]>g)
g=num[i];
}
printf("\nThe greatest number is
%d",g);
getch();
}
Write a program to
enter a string and check whether the entered string is palindrome or not.
(Example, ada, madam)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
char str[10],str1[10];
int cmp;
printf("enter a
string\n");
scanf("%s",str);
strcpy(str1,str);
strrev(str1);
cmp=strcmp(str,str1);
if(cmp==0)
printf("string is
palindrome");
else
printf("string is not
palindrome");
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a string
madam
String is palindrome
Write a program to input a message from keyboard and display
the menu.
a. Print the message length in terms of characters.
b. Print the message in reverse order.
c. Print the message in capital letters.
d. Copy the message from one location of screen to another
location..
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
charmsg[100],msg1[100];
inti,ch,len,j;
printf("\n Enter
a message:");
gets(msg);
printf("\n 1.
Print the message length in terms of characters");
printf("\n 2.
Print the message in reverse order");
printf("\n 3.
Print the message in capital letters");
printf("\n 4.
Copy the message from one location to another");
printf("\n Enter
your choice (1-4)");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
len=0;
while(msg[len]!='\0')
len++;
printf("\n The
string %s has %d characters\n",msg,len);
break;
case 2:
len=strlen(msg);
j=0;
for(i=len-1;i>=0;i--)
msg1[j++]=msg[i];
msg[j]='\0';
strcpy(msg,msg1);
printf("\n The
reversed string is %s",msg);
break;
case 3:
for(i=0;msg[i]!='\0';i++)
{
if(msg[i]>='a'
&&msg[i]<='z')
msg[i]=msg[i]-32;
}
printf("\n The
message in uppercase %s",msg);
break;
case 4:
for(i=0;msg[i]!='\0';i++)
msg1[i]=msg[i];
msg1[i]='\0';
printf("The
copied string is %s ",msg1);
break;
default:
printf("\n
Invalid choice");
}
getch();
}
Difference between
array and structure with suitable example
|
Array
|
Structure
|
|
An array is a collection of similar type's
data.
|
A structure is a
collection of different types of variable under a single name.
|
|
The memory taken by
an array depends on data type of the array and its size.
|
The memory taken by
a structure variable depends on its members and their individual types.
|
|
Array is not
user-defined data type.
|
Structure is user-defined
data type. We can define variable of particular structure type.
|
|
Syntax:
datatype array_name[size];
|
Syntax:
struct structure_name
{
type1 member1;
type2 member2;
};
|
|
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
char name[20];
int age;
printf("Enter Name:");
gets(name);
printf("Enter Age:");
scanf("%d",&age);
printf("Name:%s",name);
printf("\tAge %d",age);
getch( );
}
|
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
struct student
{
char name[20];
int age;
} std;
printf("Enter Name:");
scanf("%s",std.name);
printf("Enter Age:");
scanf("%d",&std.age);
printf("Name:%s",std.name);
printf("\tAge %d",std.age);
getch( );
}
|
Write an algorithm
and C program to read salaries of 200 employees and count the number of
employees getting salary between 5000-10,000.
Write a program to
read salaries of 300 employees and count the number of employees getting salary
from 10,000 to 15,000.
Write
a C program to input 'n' numbers and find the greatest and smallest number.
[2061]
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int n,i,max,min, a[100];
printf("How many number");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("Enter the
number");
scanf("%d",
&a[i]);
}
max=a[0];
min=a[0];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(a[i]>max)
max=a[i];
else if(a[i]<min)
min=a[i];
else;
}
printf("The
greatest number is =%d",max);
printf("The
smallest number is =%d",min);
getch(
);
}
Output:
How
many number 3
Enter
the number 3 5 2
The
greatest number is = 5
The
smallest number is = 2
Write a program to store ten
different constant variables in an array and print out the greatest number.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int i,num[10],g;
printf("\nEnter 10 numbers");
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
scanf("%d",&num[i]);
g=num[0];
for(i=1;i<10;i++)
{
if (num[i]>g)
g=num[i];
}
printf("\nThe greatest number is
%d",g);
getch();
}
Write a program to
enter a string and check whether the entered string is palindrome or not. (Example,
ada, madam)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
main()
{
char str[10],str1[10];
int cmp;
printf("enter a string\n");
scanf("%s",str);
strcpy(str1,str);
strrev(str1);
cmp=strcmp(str,str1);
if(cmp==0)
printf("string is
palindrome");
else
printf("string is not
palindrome");
getch();
}
Output:
Enter a string
madam
String is palindrome
Q. Write a program to
sort ten integer number in ascending order. #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
main()
{
int i,j,temp,a[10];
printf("Enter 10
integer numbers:");
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
for (i=0;i<10;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<10;j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[i];
a[i]=temp;
}
}
}
printf("The 10
numbers sorted in ascending order are:");
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
{
printf("%d\t",a[i]);
}
