Bash Shell

Bash is used to run commands and write scripts on Unix/Linux systems. Bash is the default shell on most Linux and macOS systems. Bash added features from other shells, such as the Korn shell (ksh) and C shell (csh),

[root@localhost ~]# echo $SHELL

/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/shells       --available shells

/bin/sh                                     --à cannot find many function, command

/bin/bash

/usr/bin/sh

/usr/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# echo "Hello World"                    àin terminal

Hello World

[root@localhost ~]# vi shell1.sh

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l

-rw-r--r--  1 root root      32 Jun  6 13:05 shell1.sh

[root@localhost ~]# bash shell1.sh

Hello World

[root@localhost ~]# env

 [root@localhost ~]# echo $PWD

/root

[root@localhost ~]# echo $PATH

/usr/share/Modules/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@localhost ~]# echo $SHELL

/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# su – santosh                   -----à To switch to other user

santosh@localhost ~]$ echo $USER

santosh

env----------------------------------> env---user wise will change, only last for session only

[santosh@localhost ~]$ env                            

 [santosh@localhost ~]$ $PATH

-bash: /home/santosh/.local/bin:/home/santosh/bin:/usr/share/Modules/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin: No such file or directory

[santosh@localhost ~]$ export NAME=centos                         here, NAME=variabler, centos=value

[santosh@localhost ~]$ env | grep NAME

HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain

NAME=centos

LOGNAME=santosh

[santosh@localhost ~]$ var2=NEPAL

[santosh@localhost ~]$ env | grep NEPAL

[santosh@localhost ~]$ echo $var2

NEPAL

[santosh@localhost ~]$ exit            logout from user

logout

[root@localhost ~]# echo $NAME

           -----------Nothing will show

[root@localhost ~]# su - santosh

[santosh@localhost ~]$ echo $var2

 

[santosh@localhost ~]$ echo $NAME         ---doesn't show any things ......only for session

[santosh@localhost ~]$ export NAME=san

[santosh@localhost ~]$ echo $NAME

san

[santosh@localhost ~]$ export NAME=karma

[santosh@localhost ~]$ echo $NAME

karma

[santosh@localhost ~]$ unset NAME                             à To remove

[santosh@localhost ~]$ echo $NAME

 [santosh@localhost ~]$ vi exercise2.sh

[santosh@localhost ~]$  ./exercise2.sh

-bash: ./exercise2.sh: Permission denied

[santosh@localhost ~]$ chmod +x exercise2.sh                 -à To make executable file

[santosh@localhost ~]$  ./exercise2.sh

My Name is San

[santosh@localhost ~]$ cd /tmp/

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ ./exercise2.sh

-bash: ./exercise2.sh: No such file or directory   à file must run where is made

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ cd

[santosh@localhost ~]$ ls

Desktop    Downloads     Music     Public     Videos

Documents  exercise2.sh  Pictures  Templates

[santosh@localhost ~]$ mkdir -p .local/bin

[santosh@localhost ~]$ mv exercise2.sh .local/bin

[santosh@localhost ~]$ echo $PATH

/home/santosh/.local/bin:/home/santosh/bin:/usr/share/Modules/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin

[santosh@localhost ~]$ cd /tmp/                  ---->run from anywhere, it works

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ exercise2.sh

My Name is San

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ cd /var/log
[santosh@localhost log]$ exercise2.sh
My Name is San

[santosh@localhost log]$ cd

[santosh@localhost ~]$ cat .local/bin/exercise2.sh

#!/bin/bash

NAME=San

echo "My Name is $NAME"

[santosh@localhost ~]$ mkdir $HOME/.local/bin                         here, $HOME=variable  or use [santosh@localhost ~]$ mkdir -p ~/.local/bin  where, ~/ any user home directory

mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/home/santosh/.local/bin’: File exists

[santosh@localhost ~]$ mkdir -p $HOME/.local/bin

[santosh@localhost ~]$ echo $HOME

/home/santosh

[santosh@localhost ~]$ vi exercise2.sh

[santosh@localhost ~]$ chmod +x exercise2.sh

[santosh@localhost ~]$ ./exercise2.sh

Hello testing

[santosh@localhost ~]$ cd /tmp/

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ ls

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ ./exercise2.sh

-bash: ./exercise2.sh: No such file or directory

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ $HOME/exercise2.sh    àTo execute, give full path

Hello testing

 

OR,

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ cd

[santosh@localhost ~]$ mkdir bin

[santosh@localhost ~]$ mv exercise2.sh  /bin/

mv: cannot move 'exercise2.sh' to '/bin/exercise2.sh': Permission denied

[santosh@localhost ~]$ sudo mv exercise2.sh  /bin/

[sudo] password for santosh:

[santosh@localhost ~]$ cd /bin/

[santosh@localhost bin]$ ls

 

[santosh@localhost bin]$ cd /tmp/

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ exercise2.sh

My Name is San                             here output is My Name is San not Hello tesing because of precedienty of ./local/bin

 

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ cat ~/.local/bin/exercise2.sh

#!/bin/bash

NAME=San

echo "My Name is $NAME"

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ cat ~/bin/exericise2.sh

cat: /home/santosh/bin/exericise2.sh: No such file or directory

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ echo $PATH

/home/santosh/.local/bin:/home/santosh/bin:/usr/share/Modules/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin       --àshows on my name is because of precedencity /.local/bin

 [santosh@localhost tmp]$ cd /bin/

[santosh@localhost bin]$ mv exercise2.sh exercise3.sh

mv: cannot move 'exercise2.sh' to 'exercise3.sh': Permission denied

[santosh@localhost bin]$ sudo mv exercise2.sh exercise3.sh

[sudo] password for santosh:

[santosh@localhost bin]$ cd /tmp/

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ ls

[santosh@localhost tmp]$ exercise3.sh

Hello testing

[root@localhost ~]# cd /bin

[root@localhost bin]# ls

[root@localhost bin]# vim exercise4.sh

root@localhost bin]# chmod +x exercise4.sh

[root@localhost bin]# vim exercise4.sh

[root@localhost bin]# exercise4.sh

value1 my first variable

Enter your name

san

Your name is san

:Testing

[root@localhost ~]# cd /

[root@localhost /]# cd bin

[root@localhost bin]# vi exercise5.sh

[root@localhost bin]# chmod +x exercise5.sh

[root@localhost bin]# ./exercise5.sh ram and hari        -->parameter passed

You have passed ram and hari

[root@localhost bin]# man chpasswd                         --for password

 [root@localhost bin]# vi user.sh

 [root@localhost bin]# chmod +x user.sh

 [root@localhost bin]# ./user.sh karma Chelsea

chpasswd: line 1: user 'karma' does not exist

chpasswd: error detected, changes ignored

Username is karma and password is chelsea

 Solution:

[root@localhost bin]# vi user.sh

[root@localhost bin]# chmod +x user.sh

[root@localhost bin]# ./user.sh karma chelsea

Username is karma and password is Chelsea

Note: if from user the add sudo

 To check username and password

[root@localhost bin]# cat /etc/passwd

[root@localhost bin]# id karma

uid=1001(karma) gid=1001(karma) groups=1001(karma)

 [root@localhost bin]# vi user.sh                              -à$# check number if parameter

[root@localhost bin]# ./user.sh  k kk

2 is number of parameter

Username is k and password is kk

Practice: ssh enable or not

service running or not,  if not running, run it , if it is already running,message it as its running

Add 50 user and password 

install nginx

install mysql

install postgress

Database backup and restore 

[root@localhost ~]# cd /

[root@localhost /]# ls

bin   etc   lib    mnt             opt   run     shell1.sh  tmp

boot  home  lib64  nginxscript     proc  sbin    srv        usr

dev   HOME  media  nginxscript.sh  root  script  sys        var

[root@localhost /]# cd bin

[root@localhost bin]# vi if.sh

[root@localhost bin]# chmod +x if.sh

[root@localhost bin]# ./if.sh

Enter the name

ram

You are successful

[root@localhost /]# cd bin

[root@localhost bin]# vi else.sh

[root@localhost bin]# chmod +x else.sh

[root@localhost bin]# ./else.sh

Enter the name

ram

You are successful

[[root@localhost bin]# ./else.sh

Enter the name

jeevan

 You are not done yet

[root@localhost bin]# name=hari

[root@localhost bin]# if [ $name == "hari" ]; then echo "You are successful"; fi

You are successful

 [root@localhost ~]# cd /

[root@localhost /]# cd bin

[root@localhost bin]# vi for.sh

 

[root@localhost bin]# chmod +x for.sh

[root@localhost bin]# ./for.sh

hello world 1

hello world 2

hello world 3

hello world 4

hello world 5