Each set of
programming language has some sort of input output functions. These functions
are standard I/O function and put them in library. A set of rules or routines
defined for input and output of data is called I/O functions.
Functions printf()
and scanf()
are the most commonly used to display out and take input respectively
1.
printf ( ) :-This
function is used to display text, constant or value of variable on screen in
specified format. It offers %d, %f, % c, %s etc.
The required header for the printf function
is: #include <stdio.h>
Syntax:
printf ("format
string", argument list);
Example:
#include<stdio.h>//This is needed to run printf( ) function.
int main( )
{
printf("C Programming");//displays the content inside quotation
return0;
}
Output :
C Programming
2. scanf ( ):-The function is used to get input from the user (Keyboard) during execution of program and stored in a variable of specified form is called scanf( ) function. Data can be int, float, char, string etc. Syntax: scanf(“format string”,& variable name);
When we used scanf,first declaed what the variable type was "%d" for int, "%f" for float and second part we hve to use & to point to the variable instead of getting its value
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
int main( )
{
int c;
printf("Enter a number\n");
scanf("%d",&c);
printf("Number=%d",c);
return0;
}
Output
Enter a number
4
Number=4
3.
getch ( ) :-This function
is used to get a single character input from the user during execution of
program. It also force to wait the output to stay on screen until any key
pressed from keyboard.
Syntax:
- For value input: variable name= getch( );
- For screen holding at the end of program: getch( );
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main ( )
{
clrscr( ); // clear screen
char m;
printf("Enter character:");
m=getch ();
printf("The character you Entered=%c",m );
getch( );
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main ( )
{
clrscr( ); // clear screen
char m;
printf("Enter character:");
m=getch ();
printf("The character you Entered=%c",m );
getch( );
}
Output:
Enter character:
The character you Entered=a
Enter character:
The character you Entered=a
4.
getche ( ) :-It is also used
to get a single character from the keyboard during the program execution. When
this function is executed, the character entered by the user is displayed on
the screen.
Syntax: variable name=getche( );
Example
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main ()
{
clrscr();
char p;
printf("enter any character:");
p=getche();
printf("the character u entered=%c",p );
getch();
}
Output
enter any character:x
the character u entered=x
5. gets function :-This special function is used to input string values from
the user during execution of the program. As the user press enter key when
typing after the string. A null character (\0) is automatically entered at the
end of the string.
Syntax:
gets(variable name);
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main ()
{
char str[];
clrscr( );
printf("Enter a string:");
gets(str);
getch( );
}
Output:
Enter a string:hello
Syntax:
gets(variable name);
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main ()
{
char str[];
clrscr( );
printf("Enter a string:");
gets(str);
getch( );
}
Output:
Enter a string:hello
6.
puts function :-The function is
used to display the string value on the screen.
Syntax: puts(parameter/value/variable);
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main ( )
{
char name[];
printf("enter your name:");
gets(name);
printf("your name is:");
puts(name);
getch( );
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main ( )
{
char name[];
printf("enter your name:");
gets(name);
printf("your name is:");
puts(name);
getch( );
}
Output:
Enter your name:somebody
your name is:somebody
7.
getchar ( ) :- The
function "getchar( )" accept a single character from the
standard input device and assigns it to the variable "a".
For example:
char a;
a= getchar( );
char a;
a= getchar( );
Example:
#include
<stdio.h>
#include<conio.>
int
main ( )
{
char
a;
clrscr;
printf(“Enter
a character:\n”);
a=getchar(
);
printf(“Given
character is: %c\n”,a);
getch(
);
return
0;
}
Output:
Enter
a character:
c
Given
character is:c
8.
putchar ( ) :- This function displays one
character at a time in monitor.
Syntax:
putchar(variable_name);
9.
getc ( ) :-This function is
used to read a character from file.
1.
putc() : -This function is used to print a character
on a file.
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